High availability Essay Example for Free

High accessibility Essay In the appearance of the PC age, the development of the web has additionally required the advancement of advances that are not just ready to adapt to the requests of clients yet in addition inside the confinements of current equipment. With performing various tasks having developed into the standard, the accessibility of media and applications online has made it progressively essential to provideâ high accessibility (Marcus 2003). The strategic applications that have surfaced on the web have put added strain to ensure that profoundly accessible administrations are consistently prepared. Accordingly, this short talk will endeavor to examine the current condition of high accessibility innovation just as any ongoing patterns or varieties that have surfaced. High Availability, as the term recommends, alludes to frameworks or instruments in data innovation that are persistently accessible as well as constantly operational for extensive stretches of time (Marcus 2003). The term accessibility is utilized to allude to the entrance that the clients or individuals from client network have to the framework. This kind of access or capacity can incorporate anything from transferring records, to evolving sections, refreshing works or even simply checking past works (Marcus 2003). The inability to get to the framework brings about personal time or inaccessibility. A case of this would be the way network clients like to have the option to utilize Facebook to talk, watch recordings, update connects and transfer pictures all simultaneously. With a system that has Low Availability, the clients will every so often experience disappointments as to signing in or getting to various elements of the site due to the important personal time for framework refreshing and upkeep (Ulrick 2010). This personal time can be biased for a site or a web application since it diminishes the attractive quality of the innovation. With the weight on to give total and industrious openness, organizations have attempted to accomplish the ideal â€Å"100% operational† or â€Å"never failing† Availability Status . One method of giving practically consistent accessibility (High Availability) is by making groups. These PC frameworks or systems comprise of a few pieces that go about as back-ups or failover handling instrument that store information and take into consideration get to. This incorporates the Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) or the Storage Area Network (SAN), which are utilized as back up capacity gadgets to guarantee consistent accessibility (Marcus 2003). These frameworks, in any case, are continually advancing and changing relying upon the innovation that is accessible and grown, for example, frameworks that have strong enrollment organization, predictable gathering correspondence sub-frameworks, quoram sub-frameworks, and even simultaneous control sub-frameworks, among others. By making a grouped PC framework or system, reinforcements are made as redundancies for both equipment and programming. This is accomplished by framing or gathering a few autonomous hubs with every one of them all the while running a duplicate of the working framework (OS) and the application programming (Marcus 2003). At whatever point there is a disappointment in any of the hubs or when daemon disappointments happen, the framework can rapidly be reconfigured and the current remaining task at hand is then given to the next accessible or useful hubs inside the group. Accordingly, there is consistently, hypothetically, one framework that is accessible and rushing to deal with the administrations and access for the client network. It was accounted for in 1996 that the lost income and efficiency because of personal time added up to over US$ 4. 54 billion for American organizations alone (IBM 1998). In that capacity, High accessibility has been reliably redesigning and developing to have the option to address this issue. The ongoing advancement incorporate the formation of High Availability Clusters (HA Clusters or Failover Clusters). The idea of this is it gives more noteworthy High Availability by working a few PC groups simultaneously. While this applies a similar idea as High Availability, it endeavors to make a few failover frameworks and groups that take into account this. It does, in any case, hold a similar idea of consistent checking to ensure that the frameworks are running as customized and as arranged. Late exploration in this field has demonstrated that there is likewise a reducing return rule that can be applied. As of not long ago, it was believed that by making an extensive system and making a few bunches, the accessibility could be expanded relatively. Be that as it may, there are discoveries that show that High Availability diminishes when there are more parts that are added to the framework. This implies as opposed to improving the procedure it is rather subverted by the establishment of extra segments. The purpose behind this, as per Chee-Wei Ang, is that the more intricate a framework the more potential disappointments emerge (Ang 2007). Since there are more frameworks to screen, it turns out to be progressively hard to call attention to precisely where the issue is. This can be contrasted with a confounded pipes framework wherein it gets hard to track down the wellspring of the hole. In spite of the fact that it has been contended by specialists that various profoundly accessible frameworks use a basic structure design which includes top notch multipurpose frameworks. However even with this, it can't overlook the fundamental actuality that theories frameworks despite everything require consistent redesigning, fixing and support. The ongoing improvements in this field incorporate the making of further developed frameworks structures that smooth out and encourage the support of frameworks without the requirement for trading off the accessibility. This has been accomplished by doing stack adjusting and further developed failover methods. It is conceded, be that as it may, that while there are a few turns of events, similar to all equipment gadgets these frameworks are additionally inclined to human blunder and ordinary mileage which can't be stayed away from however their belongings can be relieved by the presentation of increasingly compelling and proficient methods.

DX wk 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DX wk 7 - Essay Example he patients history, lab tests and frequently their mind injury examines who that there may have been stroked, untreated hypertension or coronary corridor ailment (Beidel, Bulik, and Stanley, 2010). The harm can be to a solitary vein or to many veins that will at that point be called localized necrosis in the cerebrum (Beidel, Bulik, and Stanley, 2010). Conversely, 293.0 Delirium Due to a General Medical Condition is an aggravation in awareness that is joined by an adjustment in discernment (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 136). Daze for this situation, the subjective unsettling influence must be because of direct physiological result of the general ailment (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 136). By and large, ridiculousness is welcomed on by a genuine clinical sickness, for example, a genuine contamination, harmful impacts of drug or AIDS (Beidel, Bulik, and Stanley, 2010). Albeit both of these conditions are because of genuine ailments, ridiculousness influences the insight due to an extensive sickness that influences the mind legitimately. Albeit Vascular Dementia additionally influences cognizance, it is a heart issue that must be available (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Hans is a multi year old male who is a resigned mail bearer. He carried out his responsibility well until he started to have difficulties with his memory. Hans resigned from his activity five years prior on the grounds that he couldn't complete his obligations accurately any longer; truth be told, he started to commit errors as he conveyed the mail. At 62 years old, Hans was climbing in a zone that he knew well and out of nowhere he was lost and couldn't discover his direction home. Before long, he likewise lost things and overlooked arrangements and couldn't discover his way around any longer. His memory kept on flopping as he couldn't perceive his companions and lost enthusiasm for staring at the TV and papers. As indicated by Biedel, Bulik, and Stanley (2010), Alzheimers illness (AD) is a typical subtype of dementia (p. 458), than different types of Dementia. It

The Truth About Kombucha (and its Health Benefits)

The Truth About Kombucha (and its Health Benefits) Lately, when scrolling my Instagram feed, I have been seeing a lot of posts by celebrities and my more health-conscious friends talking about the health benefits of a beverage known as kombucha.I have even come across the beverage on supermarket shelves two or three times.Still, I haven’t been paying much attention to this seemingly “magical drink.”When I went out to a café last week with one of my friends and he ordered this strange drink, however, I felt I had to know what it really is. I couldn’t really trust the friend to give me a good explanation of what kombucha is since all he did was sing its praises.There is a high chance that you have also come across this drink that is all the rage and you might also be wondering what exactly it is and whether it is really as good as claimed to be.After much research, I am now ready to tell you the truth about kombucha.WHAT IS IT? Kombucha is a fermented sweet-and-sour tea beverage.Those who have tried the drink will tell you tha t it has a peculiar taste.The taste depends a lot on the flavors that may have been added to the drink.Kombucha is not something new. It has been around for over 2000 years and is said to have originated in northeast China.It then found its way to Japan, where a doctor named Kombu used it to treat Emperor Inkyo’s digestive problems.The drink gets its name from this doctor. The term Kombucha can be translated to mean Kombu’s tea.There are claims that the name comes from a Japanese sea weed known as Konbu, though these are just mere claims, since Kombucha is not made from sea weed.Kombucha then spread to neighboring Russia, before finding its way to Europe where it became wildly popular in the early 20th century.The drink first started appearing in the United States in the 1960s, though it has recently gained a lot of growth in popularity, thanks in part to the growing health consciousness by Americans and the claims that kombucha can prevent and cure numerous health problems, fro m hair loss and digestive problems to AIDs and cancer.It has even been nicknamed as the “tea of immortality.”Today, you will find kombucha being sold in most grocery stores, supermarkets, and cafes.If you want to, you can even brew your own kombucha at home.The recent increase in the popularity of kombucha has led to the growth of a new industry that was valued at $0.97 billion in 2018 and is predicted to reach $3.8 billion by 2023.HOW KOMBUCHA IS MADEKombucha is essentially tea that has been allowed to ferment. Fermentation is the process by which bacteria and yeast chemically break down a substance.It is the same process by which yoghurt is made from milk and cabbage turned into kimchi or sauerkraut.In order for the tea to ferment and form kombucha, it needs some extra ingredients, such as sugar and yeast.The first step in making kombucha is to brew either black or green tea. It’s good to note that kombucha cannot be made from herbal tea.The tea must be from the tea plant.On ce the tea has been brewed, sugar is added while the water is boiling.Sugar is important since it provides the yeast with something to feed on during the fermentation process.It’s also good to note that kombucha has to be made using regular sugar. If fake sugars are used, the tea will not ferment.After adding sugar, the tea is left to cool for a while before some vinegar is added to the mixture.Cooling prevents the fermentation culture, which is alive, from dying due to high temperatures, while the vinegar also aids in fermentation.Finally, the fermentation culture, also known as the mother, mushroom, or SCOBY is added to the mixture. SCOBY stands for symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast.The bacteria and yeast feed on the sugar during the fermentation process, resulting in the sweet-sour drink we know as kombucha.For kombucha to form, the mixture is left to ferment over a period of one or two weeks.After the fermentation is complete, the final brew contains a number of componen ts, including:Ethanol: The fermentation process produces ethanol (alcohol). However, the amount of ethanol in the just brewed kombucha makes up only about 0.5% of the drink. Ethanol and acetic acid (from the vinegar that went into the brew) have antimicrobial effects and prevent the kombucha brew from being contaminated. It is good to note that sometimes, after the kombucha brew is bottled, the alcohol content can increase to between 2 and 5%.Carbonic acid: During the fermentation process, the yeast produce carbon dioxide as they digest the sugars. This is what makes kombucha fizzy.Sugar: While the yeast and bacteria feed on the sugar during the fermentation process, they don’t use up all of it, and some of it remains in the drink.Vitamins: The breakdown of sugars by yeast releases some vitamins, especially B and C vitamins.Acetic acid: This comes from the vinegar that is added to the brew to aid in the fermentation process. Some acetic acid is also produced during the fermentatio n process. While acetic acid is considered to be healthy, sometimes it can react with the alcohol in the kombucha to form acetates, which can be harmful to your health. If you notice an acetone-like smell coming from your kombucha, don’t drink it.Lactic acid: This is also produced during the fermentation process, and contributes to the laxative effect some people experience after drinking kombucha.Lactase and invertase: These are enzymes that the yeast and bacteria produce to help in the breakdown of sugar.Acids: Kombucha contains a number of acids, including gluconic, usnic, amino, glucuronic, and other acids.Caffeine: Kombucha contains small amounts of caffeine, which come from the tea that was used in the brewing process.Cellulose: Kombucha may also contains some bits of cellulose, which appear as little particles in the kombucha brew.Additives: Sometimes, some brands of kombucha will have some additives to give the drink a unique flavor.DOES KOMBUCHA HAVE ANY HEALTH BENEFITS?L ike I mentioned earlier, the growing popularity of kombucha can be largely attributed to the claims that kombucha can cure or prevent all kinds of illnesses.Advocates of kombucha say that it is good for warding off high blood pressure, detoxifying the body, preventing cancer and heart diseases, improving digestion, restoring your hairline, the list is endless.But are all these claims true?Considering that this drink has been around for over two thousand years, we can’t just write it off.It must have something to offer.However, many of the claims about the numerous diseases it can cure and prevent are just that â€" claims.Many of them have not been substantiated scientifically. Still, that is not to say that kombucha has no benefits.Below are some reasons why kombucha might be good for you.It Contains AntioxidantsThe normal processes inside the body result in the release of free radicals.The accumulation of these free radicals in the body can result in oxidative damage and health p roblems.The key to preventing the accumulation of free radicals in the body is to have a diet rich in antioxidants.Fortunately, kombucha, especially the type that is brewed from green tea, contains a type of antioxidants known as polyphenols.Some research has also shown that the fermentation process can increase the antioxidant properties of kombucha.Therefore, kombucha can be good for your health since its antioxidant properties help combat free radicals.It is Rich in ProbioticsOne of the greatest health benefits of kombucha is that it is rich in probiotics.The process of fermentation during the making of kombucha leads to the production of a large amount of probiotic bacteria.Inside our guts, we have an ecosystem that is made up of both good and bad bacteria.The probiotic bacteria produced during the kombucha fermentation process belong to the category of good gut bacteria.Drinking kombucha provides your gut with more of the good bacteria.Considering the age-old truth that majorit y of diseases begin in the gut, drinking Kombucha can lead to a lot of health benefits by ensuring that there is a good balance of gut flora.It Might Be Good For Your ImmunityAside from the benefits in the gut, the healthy bacteria you get from drinking kombucha are also said to make other bodily processes more efficient.One of the bodily functions that is said to gain a lot of benefits from these healthy bacteria is the immune system.However, it is good to note that the effect of the probiotics gotten from kombucha on the immune system has not been scientifically proven.It Might Help With Weight LossKombucha is also believed to be good for people trying to lose some weight.One study found that the good bacteria in the gut play an important role in maintaining a healthy weight.Kombucha provides you with these healthy bacteria and can therefore contribute to weight loss.In addition, kombucha contains a very low amount of calories compared to other fizzy beverages like soda.Therefore, it can be a good alternative for people trying to lose weight. Still, you should keep in mind that kombucha is not a magic bullet.If you don’t accompany it with other interventions like regular exercise and a balanced diet, no amount of kombucha will help you lose weight.Other BenefitsAside from the aforementioned benefits, some studies conducted on animals have shown that drinking kombucha can help lower levels of blood sugar and cholesterol.However, no research has been conducted to find out whether it has the same effects on human beings.ARE THERE ANY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH KOMBUCHA?While kombucha certainly does have its benefits, it is not without risks either.Remember, the process of making kombucha involves allowing bacteria to grow inside something you are going to drink.Many of these bacteria are considered to be healthy and beneficial to the body.Sometimes, however, especially when the fermentation process has not been properly regulated, molds and harmful bacteria can gr ow inside the drink, leading to contamination.There have been several reports of people falling ill after drinking kombucha.Some of the illnesses that have been reported include stomach upsets, nausea, accumulation of lactic acid in the body, kidney problems, allergic reactions, liver toxicity and other liver problems, metabolic acidosis, and skin diseases.At least one death has also been associated with drinking kombucha.Owing to the risk of contamination, the product research group Consumer Reports does not recommend drinking of kombucha.However, according to the FDA, kombucha is safe to drink provided it has been brewed properly under sanitary conditions.Some of the reasons why you might want to reconsider drinking kombucha include:It May Contain Harmful YeastThere are no approved standards for brewing kombucha.The culture used by one kombucha brand might be very different from the culture used by another brand, which might also be different to the culture you use to brew your ow n kombucha at home.In addition, since the kombucha culture is usually recycled, as the microbes work together, it is possible that they can trigger the growth of another type of microbe, which might turn out to be harmful to your health.The environment in which the kombucha is brewed also affects the composition of the kombucha culture.The point here is that kombucha is essentially a wild ferment. You can never be a hundred percent sure what is in the culture that was used to brew the kombucha you are drinking.Therefore, there is always the possibility that kombucha might be contaminated with molds, fungi, and other harmful bacteria and yeast that might cause illness.For instance, one study found traces of candida albicans â€" an opportunistic yeast that causes various illnesses â€" in some samples of homebrewed kombucha.It Contains AlcoholDuring the brewing of kombucha, many of the yeast strains used to induce fermentation are the same ones used in the production of beer and wine.O ne of these is a strain of yeast known as Z. bailii.During the fermentation process, the yeast feed on the sugar inside the mixture and produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.Sometimes, the amount of alcohol in kombucha can be as high as 5%.If the Z. bailii strain of yeast was used, it also produces a compound known as acetaldehyde.Acetaldehyde is a carcinogen and an irritant that can also be found in car exhaust and cigarette smoke.Acetaldehyde is what causes you to feel a hangover after a night of heavy drinking.High levels of acetaldehyde in the body can lead to nausea, vomiting, skin flushing, sweating and a rapid pulse.It May Contain Fluoride and Heavy MetalsThe SCOBY that is used in the brewing of kombucha is biosorbent.This means that it has certain metal-sequestering properties that allow it to accumulate and bind heavy metal contaminants onto its cellular structure.Yeasts, algae and bacteria with biosorbent properties are used to reduce the concentration of heavy metals from wa stewater and the environment.Studies have shown that SCOBY used in the brewing of kombucha is very effective in cleaning up heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium, and copper from wastewater.Owing to the biosorbent properties of the kombucha tea fungus (SCOBY), it is possible for kombucha to be contaminated with some of these heavy metals. Indeed, some studies have found traces of lead and chromium in kombucha.There have even been reports of people suffering from lead poisoning after drinking kombucha. Another study published in Food Chemistry also found fluoride in kombucha in significantly higher amounts than is found in unfermented black tea.The point here is that during the brewing process, the tea fungus can absorb pollutants.Therefore, the quality of the water used in brewing kombucha as well as the air in the environment is very important.If the water or air contains heavy metal pollutants, it can result in the contamination of the kombucha brew and lead to health problems.It Contains SugarSometimes, those singing the praises of kombucha will claim that it has no sugar.They claim that the sugar that goes into the drink early during the brewing process is used up by the yeast and bacteria during the fermentation process.While the bacteria and yeast do consume the sugar during the fermentation process, a significant amount of sugar still remains in the brew after fermentation.According to researchers from Bucharest University, only about 66% of the sugar gets used up after the brew has been left to ferment for seven days.This is why kombucha still has a sweet taste, despite being fermented.If left to ferment for 21 days, the amount of sugar used up may rise up to 81%.Therefore, if you are looking for a sugar-free beverage, kombucha might not be for you.If you are conscious about the amount of sugar you consume, you should check the nutritional label to find out the sugar content before buying kombucha.However, this might also not be very effective since a nother study also found that many Kombucha brands contain more sugar than is stated on the label.It is Possible to Drink Too Much KombuchaWe saw earlier that lactic acid is one of the components found in kombucha.Drinking too much kombucha might lead to a buildup of too much lactic acid in the bloodstream resulting in a condition known as lactic acidosis, which can be life-threatening.However, you would have to drink several bottles at once before suffering from lactic acidosis.Avoid Kombucha if You Don’t Know Where it’s FromWe have already seen that the environment in which kombucha was brewed, as well as the culture used and the brewing process has a huge effect on the final brew.If the kombucha was brewed a poorly sanitized environment or put through an improper fermentation process, there is a possibility that it could be contaminated and dangerous.Therefore, you should avoid drinking the kombucha if you are not sure where it was made and the quality of their brewing process .If you prefer brewing kombucha at home, you should also be very careful. If you don’t follow the right procedures, your kombucha brew could potentially get contaminated by harmful yeasts and bacteria.You should only use a culture and brewing process if you trust the source.The kind of containers you use during the preparation process can also lead to contamination.It is always advisable to use glass containers during the brewing process.Avoid using plastic and ceramic containers since they might leach undesirable elements such as lead into your brew.Plastic containers might also get damaged without your knowledge and harbor harmful bacteria that end up contaminating your brew.WRAPPING UPSo, should you take up kombucha or should you totally avoid it?I’d say that is up to you. From the evidence, the claims by kombucha advocates that the drink is a miracle elixir that cures all sorts of malady are just claims. There is no evidence to back these claims.At the same time, the drink h as some potential health benefits owing to its high content of antioxidants and probiotics. Its benefits can be compared to those of other fermented foods.Therefore, if you wanted to take up kombucha because it will cure assorted illnesses, you will be disappointed.On the other hand, if you find it enjoyable, there is nothing wrong with drinking it. As with any other food, it is always to enjoy it in moderation.Finally, I want to close by emphasizing that you should avoid drinking kombucha unless you are sure that it was made under sanitary conditions and following the right procedures.If you are buying bottled kombucha, always go for reputable brands which give you the assurance that their brew has been put through safety tests.

The 11 Smelliest Animals on Earth

Benefits in Youth Football - 1608 Words

Since the creation of man, sports have had a tremendous role in the way people live their lives. From the time we are born, until our elderly age, most of us are involved in some way with sports. Whether it is a scrimmage game of soccer at recess in elementary school, playing on the varsity athletic team or simply watching the Olympics or sporting events on television, sports have an influential role in our everyday lives. The outstanding popularity of the sports industry has profoundly affected youth sports organizations that an estimated twenty-six million children ages six through eighteen participate in at least one school or community based athletic program (Smith Smoll, 1997). Well structured sport programs can provide youths with†¦show more content†¦This is a large boost in the physically disabled youths self-esteem because that youth knows that their participation in sport allows them the opportunity to advance in sport just like a healthy youth can. Physical activity is essential for children; therefore sport participation has many physical benefits for youths (Willox, 1994). In the United States there is a very unhealthy trend of physically unfit children going on. According to a recent study by the Harvard School of Public Health seven out of ten kids in our nation are out of shape and the incidence of obesity has increased by more than 50 percent among Americas children and teen since 1976 and continues to grow at a staggering rate (Metzel Shookhoff, 2006). When children participate in sports activities they get some of the exercise they need to improve their quality of life and can help prevent children from becoming obese. Physical activity regulates obesity because it increases energy expenditure, suppresses appetite, increases metabolic rate, and increases lean body mass (Willox, 1994). 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South Afric A Long And Bloody History - 1490 Words

Where the warm waters of the Indian Ocean meet the subtropical shoreline of South Africa’s eastern coast lies the Dhlinza Forest. Under the cool shade of the arching canopy, the stillness and stifling silence imparts a feeling of serenity: even its name alludes to this, meaning place of grave meditation in the Zulu language. Despite this apparent lifelessness, it is considered one of the greatest examples of unique biodiversity in all of southern Africa. Within the towering trees, under crackling leaf-beds and between the broken boulders live hundreds of species of animal, including rare and endangered birds, insects and reptiles. On the very edge of the Dhlinza forest lies the semi-rural town of Eshowe, named for the sound of the wind†¦show more content†¦He stretches; pushing the night-time stiffness from his muscles, and takes a moment of reflection to look around the bedroom he shares with his mother. The faded pastel wallpaper is peeling, revealing the gritty whi tewash that lies behind it. The single pane of glass in the window is covered in a network of hairline-cracks, like the web of some inverse spider. Absentmindedly, he aims a half-hearted kick at his prized football while he tries to recall his routine, but stops his foot just short of the ball’s bruised surface. Sibusiso’s insides feel like he has swallowed a lead weight, but he grits his teeth and gets his morning started. He bends down and snatches his crumpled white shirt and his dirty-grey trousers with the worn-out knees. He pulls them on and brushes the most visible grime off his front. There is a slightly misshapen ochre jug sitting by the door, filled with water the colour of river-mud. His mother must have drawn it from the well before heading out to her first job. He washes his face with the brackish water, not certain if all he is doing is spreading the dirt around more evenly. Eventually satisfied, he makes his way into the other room of the house, in searc h of breakfast. A hopeful investigation of the cupboards reveals nothing but stale air. Sibusiso shrugs. It’s just going to be one of those days. He loads his dog-eared textbooks into his ratty schoolbag. Eying the splitting seams, he makes a mental note to reinforce them somehow.

Analysis of the Marketing Opportunities-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.You are contracted by an Organisation to analyse information on Market and Business needs to identify Marketing Opportunities. 2.Using the Organisation's current markets as a starting point, what information would you direct your researchers to find? 3.An entrepreneur has asked for your help to explore entrepreneurial, innovative approaches and creative ideas for their potential business application, and development into potential marketing opportunities. What questions would you ask them to give you the background you need to begin your exploration? 4.Choose an industry and give detailed explanations of the legislation, regulations and codes of ethics which apply to its marketing activities. Present your findings as a report which lists all the sources of your information. 5.You are the marketing manager of an organisation which is seeking new market opportunities to realise these goals to: 6.How would you evaluate the likely impact of such an opportunity on current business and customer base, using these criteria? 7.From your own workplace experience, analyse at least three of the external factors which could determine the financial viability of the opportunities. 8.Identify a marketing opportunity for an organisation you are familiar with. The organisation has asked you to determine the probable return on investment and potential competitors. Answers: 1.Any organization investing in the food sector in Australia needs to know the business needs and the present trends of the particular sector, which can lead the organization to grab new opportunities (Stockdale, Ahmed and Scheepers 2012). The target market of the particular organization should be primarily the people of all ages in Australia, but the organizations can get most of their customers out of the young generation. The organization needs to find out and mark all the places with the prevalence of the young generation. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs tells that the unfulfilled needs are the best opportunity for marketing (Jerome 2013). Therefore, the organization must find out the place where people do not have that the availability of the food that the organization is trying to sell. The Hierarchy of Needs of Maslow says that the needs of the consumer are the indirect reflection of their desires. The company must make a survey and eventually find out the basic and common food des ire of the people, which will help the company to identify the marketing opportunities. 2.The potential new market for an organization who wants to invest in online retail industry should definitely be an economically developed company. If the economical condition of the country is high, the company will get an effective result by entering in that particular new country. It will be easy for the company to influence the consumer of the new market as well. Coming to the opportunities to shape the company in a new market, an economically developed country with proper rules and regulation will accept the new company without any trouble. Influencing people in that particular market will not take much effort as the consumers there either are in need of new products or are able to satisfy themselves. For example, Sportsdirect is an online retail company that was doing business in UK. The economically high market of the others countries in Europe made the company to expand its business in the Europe and consequently the company made a huge percentage of profit by the expansion of the business. 3.The entrepreneur must look and analyze the present market that he/she has decided to be the business background. The entrepreneur also needs to analyze the different external influence on the market to find out the potential marketing opportunities. A PESTLE analysis of the market will make the exploration understandable of the background of the potential business application (Kolios and Read 2013). The political environment of the target market requires a thorough research to understand the present government and the political condition. For example, if the economical condition of the desired market is unstable, the entrepreneur should not invest into the business in that particular market. The entrepreneur needs to research the factors that determine the social environment of the market. The research will help the entrepreneur to understand whether the market is favorable or unfavorable for the industry or not. Some technological factors can have positive or negative impact on the business. The factors may include innovation in technology, automation or even the technological awareness of the people of the existing market. The legal factors of the present market cannot be ignored. There can be certain laws and regulation that can make an effect on the business environment, for example, labor laws, health and safety standards, consumer laws and so on. The final factor of the an alysis contains the environmental influence on the market such as agriculture farming, tourism and so on. This primary analysis will help the entrepreneur to understand the potential marketing opportunities in the market and what innovative approaches and the creative ideas he should use to start his business (Srdjevic, Bajcetic and Srdjevic 2012). This will also help the new businessperson to choose his sources of marketing ideas. Numerous sources can provide the entrepreneur new marketing ideas such as consumers, government, exiting companies and his own research (Free to share your thoughts 2017). Potential consumers are the chief source of ideas for an entrepreneur. The needs and the demands of the consumers can be taken into account and the new business ideas can be constructed out of that. Existing companies and their products and services in the competitive market are second most important factor. This particular source can be helpful to plan marketing strategies to start a new venture. In other hand,numerous members of distribution channel have knowledge of the market demand and consequently they can be a good source of marketing ideas. Lastly the research of the entrepreneur about the desired industries, its current business strategies and implementations, common and demandable products can also help him to develop new successful marketing ideas 4.The chosen industry for this assessment is food industry. The legislation, regulation and the codes of ethics applied to this industry are discussed in the following section. The Australian government is collaborating with the food industry and following certain policy. The legislation emphasizes upon the public health and has recently introduced law reduces the obesity rate. The laws have put taxes on the unhealthy food and the fast food. Several codes are there that conduct and determine the marketing activities for the Australian food industry. Certain regulations have been applied to the Australian food industry. The regulation supports the marketing activities unless and until it misleads the children. The regulation also does not support the marketing and the advertising of the unhealthy food as it is the major cause of the rapid increase of the obesity rate in Australia. The code of ethics in Australia came into effect from 2012 onward (aana.com, 2017). These codes are conducted on the different marketing criteria such as packaging of the foods products, promoting or opposing and food product indirectly or directly, concealing the health and the sa fety foe the consumers and so on. 5.As a marketing manager of Australian e-commerce organization, he must seek the new market opportunity in China. Since the online shopping landscape of China is growing rapidly, the Australian brand and online retail business organization should start ting advantage of this market. The manager should thoroughly study the present market trends that are influencing the consumers. Online marketing of celebrity and the live streaming are the current and most effective channels used by the Chinese e-commerce market (Wei and Wei 2017). Social media, being one of the major platforms of marketing will make the sales revenue high because of the online activities of the people in social media. Online celebrity marketing is one of the best profitable ways for the ecommerce industry, since a huge number of people follow the celebrities on the social media. The organization will need to increase the efficient staff and eventually the level of the staff will be high. To implement this strategies the organization needs to train their staff to capture more consumers (Phillips 2012). The target market for the Australian e-commerce retail organization is the young people who are the active follower or the blogger or social commentators in the social media. If the company starts mixing the Chinese product with their existing Australian product, the result will definitely leads to a successful effective marketing. 6.The likely impact of the market opportunities can be evaluated by the customers age and gender. For example, most of the customers of the online ecommerce company are the young and of both gender. People consider online shopping more since their busy schedule. Another factor influencing the opportunity is the online shopping experience. The previous shopping experience and the judgment of the new company from that perspective affect consumers or sometimes the social influence causes the same (theseus.fi 2017). Another criterion that can influence the opportunity is the policy of return on investment. Consumers are likely to be influenced by the cash back offers, free offers and consequently think of their profit. If the company is gaining more profit than spending for the marketing then the new market opportunity is having a good impact on the consumers of the same. The companys ethical principles are also one of the major criterions impacting on the new market opportunity. The company needs to use high privacy policy like limitation on the gathering and disclosing information, protecting customers viewpoint and review and so on. This will lead the company can have a good impact on its current business as well as on the customers. 7.A business opportunity is something that creates the basis of the certain investment decision made by the entrepreneur. There are several external factors that determines the financial viability of the business opportunity. According to my work experience here are three examples of such external factors. Price structure of the goods and the service in the existing market is one of the major external factors that can be cause the financial viability of an organization. Competitive market can also affect the financial viability of the company. Competition in the market for selling service or the products is definitely a threat for the company, but to some extent healthy too. This is because the competition can control the price of the goods and service offered by the company. Another example of external factors determining the financial viability of the business opportunity is infrastructure. For example, roads, electricity, water, postal and telephone service are the major factors f or delivering the goods and service to the consumers. 8.Promotion is one of the marketing opportunities that that can be the determinate of the return on investment and potential competitors. The promotion includes branding, advertising, digital marketing, social media marketing and these can lead the company to gain high return on investment. The company must take the factors that influence the promotion into account. Type of market, type of product, size of market, stage of product cycle, complexity of product and the availability of the fund for market promotion can be the major factors (Kacen, Hess and Walker 2012). For example, the company needs to understand size and the type of its target market in which it is promoting its product References: aana.com, 2017. [online] Available at: https://aana.com.au/content/uploads/2014/05/AANA-Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Jerome, N., 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(3), pp.39-45. Kacen, J.J., Hess, J.D. and Walker, D., 2012. Spontaneous selection: The influence of product and retailing factors on consumer impulse purchases.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(6), pp.578-588. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045 Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R. and Srdjevic, B., 2012. Identifying the criteria set for multicriteria decision making based on SWOT/PESTLE analysis: a case study of reconstructing a water intake structure.Water resources management,26(12), pp.3379-3393. theseus.fi,2017. [online] Available at: Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. (2017). Theseus.fi. Retrieved 5August 2017, from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/114442/Zhang_Zuoqin.pdf?sequence=2 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017].. Wei, S. and Wei, S. (2017).Australian Online Retail Marketing Opportunities in China - Power Retail. [online] Power Retail. Available at: https://www.powerretail.com.au/marketing/marketing-china-e-commerce/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Stockdale, R., Ahmed, A. and Scheepers, H., 2012, September. Identifying Business Value From The Use Of Social Media: An Sme Perspective. InPACIS(p. 169). Free to share your thoughts. 2017.Sources of new ideas for Entrepreneurs. [online] Available at:https://abhishekkatiyar.wordpress.com/2005/07/21/sources-of-new-ideas-for-entrepreneurs-2/ [Accessed 5 Aug. 2017]. Phillips, J.J., 2012.Return on investment in training and performance improvement programs. Routledge.

Shrek Essay Example

Shrek Paper Shrek is a comical animated fairytale based variously on literary archetypes and Disney-esque tropes. However, this fairy tale theme has been subverted using numerous presentational devices throughout the film, in many different ways. I am going to explain thoroughly how this is revised and shown in the film. At the opening of the film, the audience is led to believe that this is different than a traditional fairy tale. It starts off with an old distinguished story book, opening to reveal a traditional style fairy tale. The historic style of font, picturesque illustrations, and general gentle setting, lead to the preconception that it is another archetypal tale. With the traditional story book phrases, such as Once upon a time and conventional storylines such as The princess was locked in the highest room of the tallest tower, awaiting true love and true loves first kiss. Near the end of the short fairy tale, a large green hand rips the last page out of the book. Comically implying he used the page as toilet paper, based on the mise en scene and editing of Shrek emerging from an outhouse after tearing out the page and the sound of diegetic flushing. We will write a custom essay sample on Shrek specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shrek specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This kind of behaviour would not be shown in an archetypal fairy tale, leading the audience to see this is not the type of story they were expecting. The main character, Shrek, is an ogre. This is a clear subversion of a fairy story, as the main character, or hero, tends to be a handsome prince. It is also a subversion of his character as traditionally ogres are brutal, cruel and most importantly, of evil temperament. However also in the beginning Shrek is seen behaving in a human fashion. His habitat is quite homely and domesticated and is even shown performing a human cleansing ritual involving brushing his teeth and even having breakfast. This immediately alerts the audience or at least makes them suspicious, that Shrek must surely be a positive character as he is acting like an approachable human being and not a man eating ogre. However, a little later in the film, Shrek is seen confronting a gang of villagers who are trying to ambush him at his home. Suddenly his character seems a lot more sinister, as he uses traditional archetypal ogre threats, (such as Ill grind your bones to make my bread). But instead of carrying out his threats, he simply tells them to run away. Then terrifyingly roars in the faces of the villagers. This is shown by a close up of Shreks open mouth with food encrusted teeth. This adds to the traditional image of a disgusting ogre, unlike the humanised character we saw in the first scene. The two different sides of him revealed here show that he is a conflicted character. Torn between acting like a traditional ogre and a human character, these parallel images are reflected throughout most of the film. The presentational devices used in this chapter of the film help show this subversion as traditionally an ogre would not show any human characteristics at all and would not doubt the content of his own nature. During his travels, Shrek is introduced to Donkey. They meet when Donkey is pursued by a gang of soldiers and Shrek scares them away. Donkey is grateful and begins to chat to Shrek in a friendly manner. Shrek clearly struggles with the idea that someone does not judge him as a traditional ogre but as a human. Shreks character is more aggressive towards Donkey as he evidently doesnt know how to deal with the situation. This again shows Shreks conflicted character and how he finds it difficult to cope with not being judged on first impressions. Later on, Shrek and Donkey go on a quest issued by Lord Farquaad to rescue the Princess Fiona. When found, the princess appears to be another archetype; the beautiful damsel in distress, waiting to be rescued. However all is not as it seems, as later she is seen performing unladylike actions, such as burping and violently attacking a gang of men who mistakenly attempt to rescue her. The princesss role in a traditional animated fairy tale is to be a weak, beautiful, innocent, damsel in distress. This completely shows the misogynist viewpoint of male/ female roles in fairy tales. Lord Farquaad has all the aspects of a heroic character with his large castle and kingdom, riches and the fact that he wants a princess as his bride. However, his first impression and the actions he is seen doing persuade the audience otherwise. When we first meet lord farquaad, the presentational skills and devices used create a sinister, negative impression of him straightaway. A low angle shot is used to make him appear large and intimidating while he strides down a corridor. The dim background lighting and harsh marching music also add to the daunting effect of the scene. Even his first actions seem chilling, as he is precisely putting on his gloves showing that he means business. After this scene, he is shown torturing another character, the Gingerbread Man, for information. He even threatens the Magic Mirror to make him into a king. After hearing the mirrors solution to marry a princess, he then hires someone else to recue her for him. These are not things an archetypal hero would do at all, in fact, he shows more of the characteristics of a villain; again subverting the stereotypical tale. When Shrek and Donkey visit Duloc, more presentational devices are used in favour of Lord Farquaad. When Shrek and Donkey are discussing with Lord Farquaad the nature of the quest, Lord Farquaad is on a balcony far above them. A low angle shot is used to make him more impressive and show his higher status from the other characters. This was also cut to another shot of a close up behind lord Farquaad, creating a mise en- scene and making him seem bigger and therefore more important in comparison with Shrek. These presentational devices accurately help show the difference in status between characters, establishing their direct contrast to one another. In conclusion, the presentational devices used in Shrek help subvert the archetypal fairy tale through many aspects. Firstly, the use of low angle shots helps to establish status and contrast between characters and even with the characters themselves. For example, a close up of a characters face helps to display their emotions to more accurately. The themed background music used also helps to create a certain atmosphere or setting for a particular character, helping the audience perceive a character easily. Overall, the use of presentational devices in the film Shrek, assist in subverting the generic conventions of traditional fairy tales in a humorous and easy viewing way for the audience.

How Reporters Get Quotes for Their News Stories

How Reporters Get Quotes for Their News Stories So you’ve done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you’re ready to write. But chances are you’ll only be able to fit a few quotes from that lengthy interview into your article. Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only â€Å"good† quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? What Is a Good Quote? Broadly speaking, a good quote is when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way. Look at the following two examples: â€Å"We will use U.S. military force in an appropriate and decisive manner.† â€Å"When I take action, I’m not going to fire a $2 million missile at a $10 empty tent and hit a camel in the butt. It’s going to be decisive.† Which is the better quote? Let’s consider this by asking a broader question: What should a good quote do? Grab the Reader’s Attention Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote is dry and academic-sounding. It sounds like a sentence taken from a particularly dull research paper or dissertation. The second quote, on the other hand, is colorful and even funny. Evoke Images A good quote, like good writing, evokes images in the reader’s mind. Using our two examples, it’s clear the first quote evokes nothing. But the second quote evokes a bizarre image that’s bound to stick in the reader’s brain – a camel being hit in the posterior with an expensive, high-tech missile. Convey a Sense of the Speaker’s Personality Our first quote leaves no impression of who the speaker might be. Indeed, it sounds more like a scripted line from an anonymous Pentagon press release. The second quote, however, gives the reader a feel for the personality of the speaker – in this case, President George Bush. The reader gets a sense of both Bush’s determination and his penchant for off-the-cuff humor. Convey Regional Differences in Speech Looking again at our first quote, can you discern where the speaker was raised? Of course not. But one could argue that Bush’s quote, with its salty humor and coarse imagery, contains some of the colors of his Texas upbringing. A reporter I worked with once covered a tornado in the Deep South. He interviewed victims of the twister and in his story contained a quote that included the phrase, â€Å"I tell you what.† That’s a phrase you’re only likely to hear in the South, and by putting it in his story, the reporter gave readers a feel for the region and the people affected by the storm. A good reporter could do the same thing in any area with distinctive patterns of speech, from the South Bronx to the upper Midwest to East Los Angeles. Given everything we’ve discussed, it seems clear the second of our two examples is by far the better quote. So what makes a bad quote? Unclear Speech Anytime someone says something in an unclear or unintelligible fashion, chances are you’re not going to use that as a quote. In such cases, if the information contained in the quote is important to your story, paraphrase it – put it into your own words. In fact, reporters often must paraphrase much of what they gather in interviews because many people simply don’t speak very clearly. People don’t craft their speech the way a writer crafts a sentence. Basic Factual Data If you’re interviewing a source who’s giving you reams of data, such as numbers or statistics, that kind of information should be paraphrased. There’s simply no point in quoting, for instance, the CEO who tells you his company’s revenues increased 3 percent in the second quarter, 5 percent in the third quarter and so on. It may be important for your story, but it’s boring as a quote. Profane or Offensive Speech Most mainstream news organizations have policies banning or limiting the use of vulgar or offensive speech in news stories. So, for example, if a source you’re interviewing starts swearing profusely, or uttering racial slurs, you’re probably not going to be able to quote them. An exception to that rule might be if the profane or offensive speech serves some larger purpose in your story. For instance, if you’re profiling your town’s mayor, and he has a reputation for salty language, you might use part of a profane quote in your story to show that, indeed, the man likes to cuss.

Law of corporate governance question ( Criminalising corporate Essay

Law of corporate governance question ( Criminalising corporate governance failures is a step too far. Discuss ) - Essay Example To begin with, it was established in Salomon v. Salomon and Co. Ltd that a registered corporation is a legal person, separate from its members. This principle may be referred to as the veil of the incorporation. Therefore, the law will not evade this rule and go behind the separate personality of the corporation to the members.1 So many reason exist for corporate officials to hind behind the veil2; one which is to commit fraud, another many be to â€Å"confuse and conceal†3 But there are exceptions to the rule in Salomon’s Case where the veil is lifted, or pieced and the law disregards the corporate entity and pays regards instead to the economic realities behind the legal facade, that is, where the facts supersede form. The exceptions should however be classified between those provided by statute and those provided by law4 Why must the courts lift the veil of the corporation? The sole reason is because maintaining it will cause many problems to criminalize corporate go vernance failure. ... e personality to the individual members or ignores the separate personality of each company in favour of the economic entity constituted by a group of associated companies†6 The courts have adopted a more generalized approach based of the interest of justice as being the guiding light. Thus, Lord Denning M. R was prepared to lift the veil in Wallersteiner v. Moir7. Instead of relying in the interest of justice approach, the Court of Appeal in Adams v. Cape Industries plc8 had applied the test as stated by Lord Keith in Woolfson v. Strathclyde Regional Council9 that the veil would only be pieced where special circumstances exist indicating that it is a mare facade concealing the true facts. Therefore, there must be some improprietory before a veil can be lifted10 such as fraudulent trading11 or wrongful trading12. Instead of relying in the interest of justice approach, the Court of Appeal in the Adams case had applied the test as stated by Lord Reid in the Scottish case of Woolf son v. Strathclyde Regional Council above, that the veil would only be pieced where special circumstances exist indicating that there is a mere facade concealing the true facts. The case, like Adams concerned the issue as to whether a group of companies ought to be looked upon as a single company for the purposes of instituting legal proceedings. The court’s position is therefore even becoming clearer. There must and forever be some evidence of imporprietory. On the other hand, where the existence of some improprietory cannot be established, the courts will never lift the veil. Therefore, and in such cases, the company cannot be criminalized. This approach was taken by Toulson J in Yukong Line Ltd v. Rendsburg Investment Corporation13. A similar approach was also taken in the case of Ord v.

Professional development, learning how to deliver Sport Education Assignment

Professional development, learning how to deliver Sport Education model - Assignment Example This study reviews all significant literature that is available in this field of professional development through sports education. The need to understand the impact of sports education on students is incomplete without a thorough understanding of how the education is provided to students in the first place. In a study to understand teaching processes, Curtner-Smith et al (2008), ran an experimental survey by interviewing six American and four British beginner level teachers of sports education. The paper is titled, â€Å"Influence of occupational socialization on beginning teachers’ interpretation and delivery of sport education†. The theoretical framework used to determine the course of action in the experimental study was the process of teachers engaging in sports education at the beginner’s level and then growing to become senior level instructors in one or more sports. To chart the journey of a teacher as he takes his job as a sports education provider seriously over PETE programmer, the different questions asked during the interview were based on three different phases of professional socialization which were acculturation, professional socialization and organizational socialization. The results found were based on all the here factors and would be considered influenced by organizational factors. The teachers were given individual space and interviewed one by one. Individual opinions were noted down and the data was collected from their comments, replies and observations. The procedures employed in the analysis included constant comparison and analytical induction. Most questions that were asked in the survey were directed towards assessing the level of occupational socialization and mode of teaching of sports education to students, which these teachers adopted. It was found that sports education was imparted to students in one of the three forms, namely, watered down version, cafeteria style and full version. The choice of teaching mode

Why Is Effective Communication Important?

Why Is Effective Communication Important? Introduction: Effective workplace communication skills are among the skills we assume every worker picked up along the way. The problem is that not all the communication skills and habits we picked up at home, in school or social circles are appropriate in the workplace. Some people would be fired immediately if they communicated in the workplace the way they do at home or among friends. Understanding how to speak, write and manage your nonverbal messages is critical to your success at work. As you will discover from a few surveys we will review, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, Human Resource Managers, and other business leaders rate communication skills highest among the skills needed to advance in the workplace. Written by Peter Adebi, organization development expert, leadership coach, and human resource consultant, this seminar, Achieving Optimal Workplace Success through Effective Communication, is designed to help you acquire the skills you need to be an effective communicator. What is Communication? Communication is simply the sending of a message to another person. The person sending the message first needs to formulate the message in his head. This involves determining the meaning that the sender intends to convey to the other person. To formulate the meaning of the message, the sender usually draws upon his background attitudes, perceptions, emotions, opinions, education, and experience.   The message is then sent to the listener through both verbal talking and non-verbal gestures. The person receiving this message then interprets its meaning. To do this, the listener uses his background, attitudes, perceptions, emotions, opinions, education, and experience.   Effective communication exists between two persons when the person receiving the message interprets it in the same way as the sender intended it. Sounds really simple doesnt it? Well, it can be. Communication is essential for achieving managerial and organizational effectiveness. Without communication, employees will not be able to aware of what their co-workers are doing, will not have any idea about what their goal are, and will not be able to assess their performance. In absence of channels of communication, supervisors will not be able to give instruction to their subordinates and management will not receive the information it requires to develop plans and take decision. Good communication always helps employees become more involve in their work and helps them to develop a better understanding of their jobs. Clear, precise and timely communication of information also prevents the occurrence of organizational problems. Effective communication is essential for achieving organizational goals, but ensuring such communication has been a major problem for most organization. Although the word communication is often used, there has been no consensus among communication experts regarding the definition of communication. In general, communication may be defined as the process by which the information is exchanged between individuals. There are many components to communication. Consider verbal communication skills, listening skills, written memorandums/email, telephone skills and non-verbal communication. Also, reflect upon all the people we communicate to: subordinates, peers, supervisors, customers, and groups of people. In addition, ponder some of the reasons, why we communicate: to get and give information, to discipline subordinates, to make assignments, and so on.   Why is Effective Communication Important? We already know that communication is a big part of our daily existence. Even when we dont want to communicate, the very actions we take not to communicate such as being quiet in meetings, avoiding people, declining to respond to emails or give feedback, communicate something about us. In a survey of 480 companies and organizations conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers and published in the Wall Street Journal, effective communication ability ranked first among the desirable personal qualities of future employees. reference: December 29, 1998. Wall Street Journal, Work Week, p. A1. In a national survey of 1000 human resource managers, oral communication skills are identified as valuable for both obtaining employment and successful job performance. reference: Winsor, et al., 1997    In yet another survey, executives in Fortune 500 companies indicate that college students need better communication skills, as well as the ability to work in teams and with people from diverse backgrounds (Association Trends, 1997). The point of these examples is that honing your communication skills should be a priority for you as you seek to advance in the workplace. Research Although many articles and books have dealt with interpersonal and organizational communication, most of them are not based on systematic research findings. However, the Real Managers Study (conducted by Fed Luthan, Richard M. Hodgetts and Stuart A.Rosenkrantz) is based on original research in communication. The researches observe managers at work in various organizational setting and also studies the self reports submitted by them to understand the process of communication in organization. They developed the managerial communication model to explain the different style of communication used by the managers and to provide a framework for understanding how managers communicate in organization. Henri Fayols Contribution to Communication In formal organizations, the design of communication channels is based on the assumption that all the divisions and departments are self contained and do not facilitate communication among employees at the same level. This poses the serious problem when circumstances demand such communication. If an individual wants to convey some message to an individual from another department, the message has to be passed up to the highest managerial level and then down to the individual. The reply from that individual is also received in a similar way, leading to huge delays. Chester Barnards Contribution Chester Barnard felt that communication played an important role in shaping organizations. According to him, Communication forms one of the three primary elements of an organization, the common goals and willingness to serve customers beings the other two elements. Communication links the number of the members of an organization with organizations goal and facilitates and enhances cooperative action among the individual and department of the organization. Communication whether written or oral, helps an organization attain its golas, but it can also give rise to problems. For instance, if a particular message is misinterpreted, an inappropriate decision may be taken. This decision may be taken. This decision may result in losses to the organization in long-run. Barnard related communication to the concept of authority. According to him, for authority to be delegated from a manager to sub ordinate, all communication originating from the manager must be clearly understood by the subordinate. He believed that a manager should try to understand the meaning of the message before communicating it to his subordinates. Barnards indentifies seven communication factors that helps establish and maintain objectives authority in an organization. The member of an organization should be aware of all the available channels of communication. Every member of organization must have access to specific formal channel of communication. Communication with an organization must follow the shortest and most direct path. All communication should involve the use of entire, formal line of communication. Competent persons should serve as communication centers. There should be no interruption in the time of communication during the functioning of an organization, and All communication should be authenticated. Who is Responsible for Communicating Effectively? Managers share the responsibility in communicating effectively with the individual employees themselves. The manager is 100% responsible for communicating effectively with their employees. This includes establishing an open and trusting climate for communication, as well as demonstrating good communication techniques to their employees. The employee is 100% responsible for taking advantage of the climate for communication to express what is important and relevant. For example, it is expected that a manager will ask are there any questions? after giving an employee an assignment, but it is also expected that an employee will say, I have a question, if one should occur to the employee, without waiting for the manager to ask.   The following communication is useful for organizational communication. Non verbal communication Downwards communication Upward communication Lateral communication Interactive communication Barriers to Effective Communication A number of obstacle may restrict the receivers understanding of a message. These interruption act as barriers to communication, which may totally prevent communication, or delete a aprt of the message, or convey the wrong meaning. Some of the barriers to effective communication are discuss below. Filtering: This refers to the manipulation of information by the sender so as to obtain a favorable opinion from the receiver about the project in which there is significant progress but does not inform him of the project that are lagging behind. Selective perception: A person perceives information on the basis of his needs, values, experience and background. His personal interest and expectation influence the way he decodes information. For instances, if an interviewer believes that women give more priority to their family than their professional career, he is likely to perceive this Characteristics in all female applicants, regardless of whether the applicants feel that way or not. Defensiveness: People intentionally attempt to block communication when they feel that other person is threatening their self image and prestige. They react in a defensive manner by the making sarcastic comments, by the passing judgment on the others, ot by questioning the motives of the other party. This type of defensive behavior impedes effective communication. Language: As per our first assignment, an organization has different kind of people from different cultures. In such cases language is one of the important factor for communication towards different cultural people. Because each employee may have a different meaning or pronunciation for the same word. The business units of a company operating in different geographical territories may also use terms and phrases in a unique way. Hence, the sender has to modify the style of communication depending on the people he is addressing (workers, clients or business partners).

Alcohol Television Commercials are Misleading Viewers Essay -- Media

Alcohol Television Commercials are Misleading Viewers At any given time a person can turn on their television and find a commercial of some sort. Their main purpose is for them to throw information about their product to anyone who will listen. It is also common for this form of advertisement to be promoting an alcoholic beverage. Whether it’s a catchy song with the chorus chanting â€Å"This Bud’s for you!† or three frogs belching â€Å"Bud-Wei-Ser!†, viewers learn the slogans and use them in their own lives. Needless to say, alcohol companies have mastered the art of grabbing the attention of their audience by imbedding their images and words through commercial advertising. Although clever, these advertisements can be misleading their viewers to think that drinking brings unattainable excitement and pleasure rather than the serious consequences that frequently arise. Statistics for drinking are alarming for any age group. However reports about adolescent drinking are possibly the most alarming, and are a large indicator that alcohol advertisements mislead their audiences. The National Institute on Media and the Family has reported many disturbing facts about the false portrayals of alcohol consumption. For example, the institute reports that â€Å"by the time teenagers reach driving age, they will have seen 75,000 alcohol ads† (Baran, 2004, p. 445). This means that adolescents are exposed to almost 13 alcohol advertisements a day. Whether it’s subtle or obvious, children still get the message that alcohol consumption leads to parties and happiness. In fact, statistics show that â€Å"56% of children in grades 5 through 12 say that alcohol advertising encourages them to drink† (Baran, 2004, p.445). By the use of image ad... ...d federal mandated warnings), research has shown that they hurt the cause as opposed to helping. The boomerang effect expresses just this: â€Å"drinkers perceive alcohol as having more benefits when the warning is present† (Lapin, McKinnon, 1998, p.3). Alcohol is almost like a forbidden fruit, which makes the idea even more exciting and its consumers to feel as though they are overcoming the infringement on their own rights. This research, as discomforting as it is, makes it almost impossible to find a solution to overcoming the misleading information handed out through alcohol commercials. As long as alcohol is sold, it will have to be advertised with the enthusiasm and appeal that it does now, in order to maintain the consumer’s attention. Sadly enough, this has to be done through false conditions which will steadily impact our society’s view of drinking.

Crime against Humanity Essay

In the history of International laws, the foundation of the term â€Å"crime against humanity† can be said to be weak. The concept of the term has also been changing overtime. The term has also been interpreted differently through generations. The confusions and the unresolved principle of the crime were burdened by its features common to war crimes. Aside from that, traditional laws were controlling and perceived as the most applicable law during war times. However, through the development of war, crime against humanity has finally been clarified through the several laws adopted and cases decided during the period of wars. Hence this paper will present crimes against humanity, its origin, elements, and its development. Body The term â€Å"crime against humanity† was created as a result of the mass killings perpetrated against Armenian in 1915. The massive killings in the Ottoman Empire were strongly condemned by the governments of Russia, British, and France by branding the acts as â€Å"crime against Christianity† (Cassese, 67). However, such term was perceived to be discriminatory as it implies excluding Muslim. Eventually, the term â€Å"crime against humanity†, which was suggested by French Minister Delcasse was adopted (Cassese, 67). However, the problem with the term was its implication as it does not specify clearly the meaning humanity, if it refers to human being or to the philosophical concept of humanity. Eventually, an international tribunal was established primarily to hear and try offences in violation of the laws of humanity. Crime against humanity was, however, confused with war crimes under the customary laws because of several similarities. Some of the common features include odious offences constituting as a serious attack on human dignity or â€Å"grave humiliation of one or more human beings† (Cassese, 64). In addition, the events of killing were systematic or sporadic. More importantly, such acts should be punished even if perpetrated in time of peace (Cassese, 64). Furthermore, the victims should be civilians and does not necessarily include military men. Despite the initiative to punish crimes which are perceived as inhumane, many still committed barbaric acts and acts that are strictly prohibited by the traditional international law for political and racial reasons (Cassese, 68). As a result, the 1945 London Agreement, embodying the International Military Tribunal Charter, strengthened the campaign against commission of crimes against humanity (Cassese, 69). Interestingly, elements of the crime against humanity were established. The subjective elements of the crime include murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer or population, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution, enforced disappearance of person and other inhuman acts of similar character and gravity. Meanwhile, persecution is defined as â€Å"gross or blatant denial, on discriminatory grounds, of a fundamental right, laid down in international customary or treaty law, reaching the same level of gravity as the other prohibited acts† (Cassese, 80). Crime against humanity has also subjective elements which are necessary to be established in order to make the perpetrator liable. The first element is intent which refers to the perpetrator’s intention of committing such act. Second element is the perpetrator’s awareness of the serious consequences of his acts (Cassese, 81). Third element is the agent’s awareness of the relationship between his misconduct and a policy or systematic practice (Cassese, 81). Last element is that the perpetrator must possess a racist or inhuman mind. Underlying these elements is mens rea which is the intent and awareness of the inhuman act and its consequences in a broader context (Cassese, 82). Furthermore, the intent must be criminal, specifically discriminating, harassing or causing the victim or a religious, political or cultural group to suffer serious injury. Notably, an individual acting in his own private capacity may commit crime against humanity. However, it is necessary that the act has been done in unison or is supported by a general state policy (Cassese, 83). The crime can also be perpetrated by state officials in their own private capacity but should be supported by an â€Å"explicit or implicit approval or endorsement by state or governmental authorities† (Cassese, 83). On the other hand, victims are traditionally civilians. Meanwhile, civilian refers to â€Å"persons other than lawful combatants, whether or not such person were civilians fighting alongside enemy military forces† (Cassese, 86). However, through development, military men were also considered as victims of the crimes against humanity. It is also noteworthy 1949 Geneva Convention included unarmed military combatant due to injury or imprisonment under the concept of victim of crimes against humanity (Cassese, 90). Furthermore, the inclusion of the military combatant as victims is applicable even during time of peace. The reason behind it is because military combatant are merely protected by the international laws of warfare but are not protected from the abuses acts from individuals or state authorities. Hence, the protection afforded by the law on crime against humanity should extend to civilians, including military combatants and even in time of peace. Additionally, through the adoption of international treaties protecting human rights and prohibiting crimes that amount to violation of rights. Through the laws adopted by the United Nations, crimes such as torture, apartheid, and genocide, has already been proscribed and made strictly punishable. With regard to element of mens rea, crimes against humanity must be coupled with knowledge of the attack and that it must be part of the widespread attack on civilian population (Cassese, 93). As to the requisite of attack, customary law requires that an attack against civilian should be promoted actively by the state. But under the new law, the requisite has been narrowed down because an attack that has been condoned or tolerated by the state does not automatically become an attack amounting to crimes against humanity. The attack should also involve multiple commissions. Interestingly, the concept of persecution has also been narrowed by the new law. Under the new law, persecution will only fall as a crime against humanity if such would result in the egregiously violate the basic human right, part of widespread or systematic practice, and if discriminatory intent is involved. It can be observed that several drastic changes had been made in the crimes against humanity. Conclusion The historical development of crimes against humanity shows that the term has been established on a weak foundation. Apart from that, the purpose of the term was merely to define the mass killings committed by the Ottoman Turks against Armenia. The statement was originally use for the purpose of defining such crime. But then, changing â€Å"Christianity† into â€Å"Humanity† has complicated several international laws. However, through the weak foundation of the â€Å"crime against humanity† a stronger law to proscribe inhuman, illegal, and lawless actions by private individuals and government authorities has been established. It is also noteworthy that in order for an act to fall as a crime against humanity, several essential elements. It noteworthy that despite customary laws governing the acts of states and people during wartime, the massive killings were not prevented. However, it is also worth noting that the Allies were vigilant enough to act on the abuses committed, especially by Germans. Today, the historical background of crime against humanity and its principle itself has been serving relevant role in the international law. Work cited Cassese, Antonio. International Criminal Law. London: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Dna Fingerprinting Is Not All The Title - 1533 Words

What if you knew your own body has the potential to send you to jail? You would probably be more careful when going out in public and would probably start overanalyzing every aspect of your everyday behavior. However, this question is not a matter of your physical body having the potential to send you to jail through your actions. It is a matter of biological aspects of your body and how they can reveal secretive information about you. You may have heard the phrase â€Å"No two fingerprints are alike†. During fetus development, stem cells settle into unique ridges and valleys that make up what we perceive as fingerprints. The chances of these stem cells settling in the exact same location and pattern is extremely rare. Thus, our fingerprints are unique. This uniqueness allows the government the ability to identify an individual based on their fingerprints. However, fingerprints are not the sole method of identification in a case of blame; DNA is the true suspect. 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